RESUMO
La vacunación del viajero es una de las estrategias fundamentales para la prevención de las enfermedades infecciosas durante un viaje internacional. El riesgo de adquisición de una determinada enfermedad infecciosa viene condicionado en cada caso por las características del viajero y del viaje, por lo que el consejo del viajero y la indicación de las vacunas tendrán que hacerse de forma individualizada. La Organización Mundial de la Salud clasifica las vacunas que se pueden utilizar en viajeros en tres grupos.- Vacunas de uso rutinario en los programas nacionales de inmunización: Haemophilus influenzae tipo b, hepatitis B, poliomielitis, sarampión-parotiditis-rubéola, tétanos-difteria-tos ferina y varicela. - Vacunas exigidas por Ley en ciertos países para entrar en ellos: fiebre amarilla, enfermedad meningocócica y poliomielitis. -Vacunas recomendadas antes del viaje según las circunstancias: cólera, encefalitis japonesa, encefalitis por mordedura de garrapata, enfermedad meningocócica, fiebre tifoidea, gripe, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, rabia y BCG. Esta revisión tiene el propósito de introducir al lector en el campo de la vacunación internacional
Traveler's vaccination is one of the key strategies for the prevention of infectious diseases during international travel. The risk of acquiring an infectious disease is determined in each case by the characteristics of the traveler and the travel, so the pre-departure medical advice of the traveler must be individualized. The World Health Organization classifies travelers' vaccines into three groups. - Vaccines for routine use in national immunization programs: Haemophilus influenzae type b, hepatitis B, polio, measles-mumps-rubella, tetanus-diphtheria-whooping a cough, and chickenpox. - Vaccinations required by law in certain countries before to enter them: yellow fever, meningococcal disease and poliomyelitis. - Vaccines recommended depending on the circumstances: cholera, japanese encephalitis, tick-borne encephalitis, meningococcal disease, typhoid fever, influenza, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, rabies and BCG. This review is intended to introduce the reader to the field of international vaccination
Assuntos
Humanos , Vacinação , Doenças Transmissíveis/imunologia , Controle de Doenças Transmissíveis/métodos , Certificado Internacional de Vacinação ou Profilaxia , Saúde do ViajanteRESUMO
Traveler's vaccination is one of the key strategies for the prevention of infectious diseases during international travel. The risk of acquiring an infectious disease is determined in each case by the characteristics of the traveler and the travel, so the pre-departure medical advice of the traveler must be individualized. The World Health Organization classifies travelers vaccines into three groups. - Vaccines for routine use in national immunization programs: Haemophilus influenzae type b, hepatitis B, polio, measles-mumps-rubella, tetanus-diphtheria-whooping a cough, and chickenpox. - Vaccinations required by law in certain countries before to enter them: yellow fever, meningococcal disease and poliomyelitis. - Vaccines recommended depending on the circumstances: cholera, japanese encephalitis, tick-borne encephalitis, meningococcal disease, typhoid fever, influenza, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, rabies and BCG. This review is intended to introduce the reader to the field of international vaccination.
